Design of structural section using AutoCAD


Details of structures or building can be drawn out with AutoCAD software clearly, for the engineer or builder for easy understanding.

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How to plan a suitable orientation in a building

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PLANNING SUITABLE ORIENTATION Orientation means setting out the plan of the building with respect to north-south and east-west directions to provide an opportunity to user to enjoy sun-shine and breeze when required and to avoid the same whenever not required. This is also known as planning the aspect of a building. Aspect means arrangement of doors, windows in the external wall to make good use of nature. This term has nothing to do with the architectural aspect of outlook of building. Kitchen should have eastern aspect to enjoy morning sunshine, means, kitchen should be located on the eastern side of the building to make use of morning sun rays. The following are the required aspects for various parts of the building in the northern hemisphere of earth: (a) Kitchen–eastern aspect. (b) Dining room–southern aspect to enjoy winter sun. (c) Drawing and living room–southern or south-eastern aspect to enjoy winter sun. (d) Bed rooms–western or south-western aspect...
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Bitumen content.

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BITUMEN Ashalt, bitumen and tar are referred as bituminous materials, which are essentially hydrocarbon materials.The asphalt is a mixture of inert mineral matter lime alumina, lime, silica etc. and a hydrocarbon known as asphaltic bitumen. In some places like Trinidad and Bermudez, asphalt is available in nature at a depth of 3 to 60 metres. It is known as natural asphalt.  Common variety used all over the world is residual asphalt, which is obtained by fractional distillation of crude petroleum oil. Bitumen is the binding material which is present in asphalt. It is a hydrocarbon.  It is obtained by partial distillation of crude oil. It contains 87 per cent carbon, 11 per cent hydrogen and 2 per cent oxygen.Tar is obtained in the distructive distillation of coal, wood or other organic materials. When coal or wood is heated to redness in an closed chamber, it yields volatile product and residue coke. After separating and coo...
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How to test concrete strength

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Cube crushing machine Tests on Concretehe following are some of the important tests conducted on concrete: 1. Slump test. 2. Compaction factor test. 3. Crushing strength test 1. Slump Test: This test is conducted to determine the workability of concrete. It needs a slump cone for test  Slump cone is a vessel in the shape of a frustum of a cone with diameter at bottom 200mm and 50mm at top and 300 mm high. This cone is kept over a impervious platform and is filled with concrete in four layers. Each layer is tamped with a 16 mm pointed rod for 25 times. After filling completely the cone is gently pulled up. The decrease in the height of the concrete is called slump. Higher the slump, more workable is the concrete. 2. Compaction Factor Test: This is another test to identify the workability of concrete. This test is conducted in the laboratory. The test equipment consists of two hoppers and a cylinder fixed to a stand, the dimension...
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